Django 环境变量 （如何在 Django 中设置环境变量）32

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Django 环境变量介绍

环境变量允许设置 Django 应用程序配置。因此，当需要更新配置级别值时，环境级别变量将发挥重要作用。这些环境变量的关键方面是它能够为元素设置配置。此外，这些配置的设置方式可以很好地隐藏值，因此这有助于隐藏值并保护变量和与其关联的配置项。下面将在本文接下来的部分中讨论一些关键的环境级别变量。

环境变量如何工作？

以下是 Django 应用程序中的环境变量，

1) DATABASE_URL：数据库 url 变量用于提供数据库连接信息。

DATABASE_URL= postgres://user:%2311pass@127.0.0.1:3306/dbname

2) EMAIL_CONFIG：数据库 url 变量在提供数据库连接信息方面很有用。

EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.gmail.com'
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
EMAIL_PORT = 597
EMAIL_HOST_USER = #email id of sender
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = #password associated to this email id

3) SQLITE URL：这绝对是另一个非常有趣的方面，需要讨论和考虑环境级别变量如何用于设置值的公开讨论。可以通过SQLITE URLS建立面向文件的数据库连接，从数据库的角度来看，URL的相应​​格式可以用于不考虑主机名而提到“file”的部分作为数据库的名称。

4) Nested lists：Nested lists在涉及 DJANGO ADMINS 条目的应用程序中很有用，这些条目可以通过Nested lists部分进行复杂的管理。

# DJANGO_ADMINS=John:john@admin.com,Jane:jane@admin.com
ADMINS = [x_value.split(':') for x_value in env.list('DJANGO_ADMINS')]

# 或者使用更具体的函数

从 email.utils 导入 getaddresses

# DJANGO_ADMINS=Full Name <email-with-name@example.com>,anotheremailwithoutname@example.com
ADMINS = getaddresses([env('DJANGO_ADMINS')])

5) 多行值：允许多行的一组变量值。这绝对是另一个需要讨论和考虑的非常有趣的方面，用于公开讨论环境级别变量如何用于设置值。因此，这使得变量值的设置扩展到不止一行。因此将关联和使用多行。这允许将多条线作为流程的一部分放置。

6) 代理值：这是一个有趣的方面，应用程序允许为变量值添加前缀。这意味着特定变量的值可以在 Django 中添加前缀。这绝对是另一个需要讨论和考虑的非常有趣的方面，用于公开讨论 Django 环境级别变量如何用于设置值。

例子

1）Settings.py：

from pathlib import Path
import os
# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
Template_DIR = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'Templates/Mainpage')
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-3w2sc%ysj3y-v4&kdl7@o$fz_f5(-d0b(cra_rdk*m7n$+w^8s'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] # Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'matrimony_pages',
] MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.cache.UpdateCacheMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.cache.FetchFromCacheMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
] ROOT_URLCONF = 'Matrimony.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [Template_DIR,],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
] WSGI_APPLICATION = 'Matrimony.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
}
}
CACHES = { 'default': {
'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.dummy.DummyCache',
} }
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
] # Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
MEDIA_URL = '/images/'
#STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'), ] #print(STATICFILES_DIRS)
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/images')
#print(STATIC_ROOT)
# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field
DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

2) Models.py 文件的变化：

from Django.db import models
# Model variables
# Create your models here.
class Object(models.Model):
Environment_Variable_Example_name = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_thegai = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_State = models.CharField(max_length=50,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_District = models.CharField(max_length=50,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Address = models.TextField(null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Phone = models.BigInteger_Example_Field(null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_profession = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_salary = models.BigInteger_Example_Field(null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Under_Graduation_Degree = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Under_Graduation_college = models.CharField(max_length=400,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Post_Graduation_Degree = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Post_Graduation_college = models.CharField(max_length=400,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Rasi = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Phone = models.BigInteger_Example_Field(null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_profession = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_salary = models.BigInteger_Example_Field(null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Under_Graduation_Degree = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Under_Graduation_college = models.CharField(max_length=400,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Post_Graduation_Degree = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Post_Graduation_college = models.CharField(max_length=400,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Rasi = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Phone = models.BigInteger_Example_Field(null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_profession = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_salary = models.BigInteger_Example_Field(null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Under_Graduation_Degree = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Under_Graduation_college = models.CharField(max_length=400,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Post_Graduation_Degree = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Post_Graduation_college = models.CharField(max_length=400,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Rasi = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Nakshatra = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Post_Graduation_Degree = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Post_Graduation_college = models.CharField(max_length=400,null=True)
Environment_Variable_Example_Rasi = models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
]

例如：views.py

@login_required
def Environ_var_page(request,pk):
dict_var_ = {}
Environ_var_name = Key_details.name
Environ_var_Age = Key_details.age
Environ_var_Thegai = Key_details.thegai
Environ_var_state = Key_details.State
Environ_var_district = Key_details.District
Environ_var_Address = Key_details.Address
Environ_var_Phone = Key_details.Phone
Environ_var_Profession = Key_details.profession
Environ_var_Salary = Key_details.salary
Environ_var_UG = Key_details.Under_Graduation_Degree
Environ_var_UGC = Key_details.Under_Graduation_college
Environ_var_PG = Key_details.Post_Graduation_Degree
Environ_var_PGC = Key_details.Post_Graduation_college
Environ_var_UG = Key_details.Under_Graduation_Degree
Environ_var_UGC = Key_details.Under_Graduation_college
Environ_var_PG = Key_details.Post_Graduation_Degree
Environ_var_PGC = Key_details.Post_Graduation_college
Environ_var_Rasi = Key_details.Rasi
Environ_var_Nakshatra = Key_details.Nakshatra
dict_var_['Age'] = Environ_var_Age
dict_var_['name'] = Environ_var_name
dict_var_['thegai'] = Environ_var_Thegai
dict_var_['State'] = Environ_var_state
dict_var_['district'] = Environ_var_district
dict_var_['Address'] = Environ_var_Address
dict_var_['Phone'] = Environ_var_Phone
dict_var_['profession'] = Environ_var_Profession
dict_var_['Under_Graduation_Degree'] = Environ_var_UG
dict_var_['Under_Graduation_college'] = Environ_var_UGC
dict_var_['Post_Graduation_Degree'] = Environ_var_PG
dict_var_['Post_Graduation_college'] = Environ_var_PGC
dict_var_['Rasi'] = Environ_var_Rasi
dict_var_['Nakshatra'] = Environ_var_Nakshatra
dict_var_['State'] = Environ_var_state
dict_var_['district'] = Environ_var_district
dict_var_['Address'] = Environ_var_Address
dict_var_['Phone'] = Environ_var_Phone
dict_var_['profession'] = Environ_var_Profession
dict_var_['Under_Graduation_Degree'] = Environ_var_UG
dict_var_['Under_Graduation_college'] = Environ_var_UGC
dict_var_['Post_Graduation_Degree'] = Environ_var_PG
dict_var_['Post_Graduation_college'] = Environ_var_PGC
dict_var_['Rasi'] = Environ_var_Rasi
dict_var_['Nakshatra'] = Environ_var_Nakshatra
print(Key_details.Creator)
print(dict_var_)
return render(request,'Profilepage.html',dict_var_)

输出：

结论

上面的文章清楚地描述了什么是环境变量，环境变量是如何工作的。它还提到了所涉及的不同环境变量以及如何在 Django 中使用这些环境变量，并通过合适的示例进行了解释。